Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

affirmatory Action in the words of Louis Fairykhan (humor) Affirmative Action is Necessary for Minorities to be Competitive in the Workplace The audience that I intend to attract are those that are minorities and agree with the idea of affirmative action. The persona that I chose is that of Louis Farrakhan, the leader of The Nation of Islam. I imagine that this is a speech to thousands of African-Americans that agree with Mr. Farrakhan. I appeal to tha emotions of my intended audience because I get hold it is a strong tool in writing a skillful paper. I am nonan authority on affirmative action unless I feel that I know enough about it to present a good case on the subject. Good day my beautiful br early(a)s and sisters. Im sure you alone know me by now because of my extensive involvement with the African-American movement. I, Louis Farrakhan, your savory leader in this march towards equal rights and equality, feel that among our many obstacles in " white America" the most important is Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action is by all odds a necessity in our big drive towards freedom. It certainly seems that we as a minority catch come a long way since the age of slavery. Unfortunately, we are not yet considered the equal by our Vanilla brothers and sisters. It has been a long and treacherous journey, my savory brothers and sisters, but I feel that we can do more as a community if we can work side by side with the "crackers." It is not the white mans or the Jews problem that we are not treated equally, it is ours. I was reading a well-known African-American newspaper the other day and I came across something that I felt was interesting. Our strong raw brother, Ron brown of the NAACP stated, "Were not ready to be color-blind because racial discrimination continues to punish our society. Affirmative action continues to be needed not to redress grievances of the past, but the current discrimination that continues to exist"(Khal enberg). Can I hear an Amen? Was that not trap the tail right on the hide of the milky-white donkey? We definitely have a strong black brother that knows his stuff and does his thing for our lovely, delicious community. Mr. Brown is obviously an intellectual and brilliant man because he has the last light upon Brown, which is a good reference to our beautiful chocolate colored skin.Affirmative Action essays research papers Affirmative Action in the words of Louis Fairykhan (humor) Affirmative Action is Necessary for Minorities to be Competitive in the Workplace The audience that I intend to attract are those that are minorities and agree with the idea of affirmative action. The persona that I chose is that of Louis Farrakhan, the leader of The Nation of Islam. I imagine that this is a speech to thousands of African-Americans that agree with Mr. Farrakhan. I appeal to tha emotions of my intended audience because I feel it is a strong tool in writing a good paper. I am notan autho rity on affirmative action but I feel that I know enough about it to present a good case on the subject. Good day my beautiful brothers and sisters. Im sure you all know me by now because of my extensive involvement with the African-American movement. I, Louis Farrakhan, your delicious leader in this march towards equal rights and equality, feel that among our many obstacles in "White America" the most important is Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action is definitely a necessity in our long drive towards freedom. It certainly seems that we as a minority have come a long way since the days of slavery. Unfortunately, we are not yet considered the equal by our Vanilla brothers and sisters. It has been a long and treacherous journey, my savory brothers and sisters, but I feel that we can do more as a community if we can work side by side with the "crackers." It is not the white mans or the Jews problem that we are not treated equally, it is ours. I was reading a well-kno wn African-American newspaper the other day and I came across something that I felt was interesting. Our strong black brother, Ron Brown of the NAACP stated, "Were not ready to be color-blind because racial discrimination continues to afflict our society. Affirmative action continues to be needed not to redress grievances of the past, but the current discrimination that continues to exist"(Khalenberg). Can I hear an Amen? Was that not pinning the tail right on the hide of the milky-white donkey? We definitely have a strong black brother that knows his stuff and does his thing for our lovely, delicious community. Mr. Brown is obviously an intellectual and brilliant man because he has the last name Brown, which is a good reference to our beautiful chocolate colored skin.

People and Problems Essay example -- essays research papers

INTRODUCTIONDomoral A.E. is a carpet dealer with stores in Thessaloniki and Athens. Eleftherios Eleftheriades founded the company in 1922 when he moved his family and business from Asia Minor to Thessaloniki. At that time Mr. Eleftheriades brought all all over 100 looms with him and set up a carpet factory. The carpets were sold primarily sweeping to clients in North America and Northern Europe. The export business flourished until the beforehand(predicate) 1980s when inflation and inappropriate government fiscal policies led to the dramatic increase in costs that drove the Greek carpet manufacturing industry disclose of the market. By that time Eleftherios son John assumed management of the company and began to import hand made carpets from Iran. By the early 1990s, John had pull ined Domoral as one of the leading wholesale carpet distributors in Greece. In 1996 he opened a new store in Athens where he hoped to establish Domoral as one of the leading retail carpet distributors in Greece. Although for the first 3 or 4 years retail sales steadily increased, over the last 5 years the Athens store has been suffering declining sales. There are various contributing factors but one of the most crucial factors is the comparatively poor customer service provided. This can be justified by virtue of the fact that Mr. Eleftheriades and his staff were always more in tuned with servicing wholesale clients rather than retail customers.  ...

Native Peoples in Canada Today -- Cultural Expression :: Essays Papers

Native Peoples in Canada Today -- Cultural Expressiongreater political influence and Canadas official policy of multiculturalism experience both contributed to a dramatic increase in the cultural activity of Native Canadians in the latter(prenominal) part of the twentieth century. Government sponsorship of the arts, with, in particular, its tendency to support the bestow of those from ethnic minorities, has granted a degree of public exposure to artists who would otherwise have had great difficulty in getting it.This page only discusses First Nations literature scripted in English, although there is plenty going on in the other arts, and in Native languages. Natives who write in English and who are published by a mainstream publisher are inevitably participating in the public sphere of the settler culture, and this fact produces all kinds of interesting tensions in their work, because they are very often trying to recover some sort of sentiency of indigineity, trying to re-establi sh connections with traditional cultures whose remoteness or tenuousness is a function of the dominant culture with which they are engaging. The best of the writers recognise this as an inescapably problematic situation, and hear to use the contradiction as a source of creative energy. cardinal of the commonest ways of exploring this is the attempt to bring traditional oral story telling features into the written literary format. This can be done through the inclusion of aural effects such as repetition, or through the inclusion of traditional characters.One of the problems which Western critics and readers face when confronted by Native literature is that there is a danger when it comes to the application of Western norms of interpretation and evaluation. Native texts can often work in unfamiliar ways and serve unfamiliar purposes. Thus, a reader who is expecting a narrative progression and climax from a piece of prose may comfortably be disappointed. What Native writers are ver y often trying to achieve with their writing is a kind of pictorial representation of a community, without the privileging of particular characters or events. These stories can often be interpreted more readily as an embodiment of Native values and cultural codes.

Legalization Essay -- essays research papers

The legalization of marijuanaThe Legalization of marijuanaFor the last fifty or so years it has been a crime to possess, consume, or distribute marijuana. any rapid change in legislation toward legalization would be impossible in todays culture. Due mostly to the overwhelming popularity of this drug it could never possibly be legalized. Any process of legalization would create unrealistic demands upon society that would affect every facet of life both domestic and abroad. Marijuana is the most widely used illegal substance in the world, and in America nearly a third of all citizens have admitted to being unresolved to it at one point in their lives. Some people have been subject to harsh criticism by admitting to using marijuana even erstwhile in their lives. This guilt that is associated with the use of marijuana is probably the only reason for its illegality. Marijuana is seen as a reckless expenditure of adolescent rebels, or as a habit of minorities that consumes their lives and forces them into the common stereotypes of poor huddled masses that contribute nothing to society except ...

Physics in Sports Essay -- essays research papers fc

Physics in SportsWhen many people think of sports, the topic of physics doesnt always decrease to mind. They usually dont think about connecting athletics with academics. In reality math, science, and especially physics, tie into every(prenominal) aspect of sports. Sports are a commonality that brings nations together, Soccer, known as football to most of the world, is said to an unspoken language, which unties people from different lands through a passion to play a game. Athletics and sports are made by the people who play, watch, and study them. Without all of the enthusiastic participants, there would be no development, education, and intensity that we all know and love about sports. The one component that reigns all over the world of sports that most people dont realize is physics, Gravity, uniform circular motion, projectile motion, and constant acceleration are a few that occur in every sport event that has ever taken place.In the three phrases that I chose to write about t he concepts of physics are explained in each one. In every article there is the similarity that physics and technology are the reasons for the advances in the sports. In the first article it is evident by the statement, High-tech nutlike bewilder so enhanced players power that some leagues have taken to limiting the number of home runs a team put up hit. (Jay Greene 2,3) Even in the second base article with the statement, The higher we can get the COR, the faster the ball would shoot off from the collision it would go further. (Coefficient of Restitution 2,1) Lastly in the third article when the author stated, Clearly, pole-vaulting is an example of a sport in which technology has been used to improve athletic performance. (The Physics of pole-vaulting ) Without physics these technical advances could not be made. Although these technological advances dont come without some issues attached. With the new technology of the carbon and fiberglass wavers, questions can be asked like , is there a point where advancements have gone too outlying(prenominal)? If bats are continuing to be modified and made to hit the ball farther, what will happen to the game of baseball? Already some bats are being banned from leagues and players feel they have to take more safety precautions because of the potential injury from the ball speed. I really believe that the bat industry... ...hysics in sports in general, I can see new developments taking place and new terms being discovered in years to come. In conclusion these articles and my research of physics in sports showed me that physics is everywhere. Physics is not only used in sports but in everyday life. The ways physics can help society are endless. Physics in sports is only a small example of how understanding things like vectors, trampoline effect, and strain energy can advance a sport so much. In doing this project I really learned that physics is so much more than just equations and scientific terms. Its a way of lif e, its a way to really improve the world and make it a better place and I rate physics a lot more now for that. BibliographyHigh-Tech Homers. Business Week Online. 2004.Business Week. 4/2/05http//businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_30/b3893095_mz018.htm.Coefficient of Restitution. golf Stars Online. 2001-2005Golf Stars. 4/2/05http//www.golfstarsonline.com/golfclubs/cor.htm.The Physics of pole-vaulting. Neo Vault 2003-2005A Pole Vault Resource 4/2/05http//www.neovault.com/articles_physics_of_pole_vaulting.asp.

Physics in Sports Essay -- essays research papers fc

Physics in SportsWhen many people think of magnetic declinations, the topic of physics doesnt always come to mind. They usually dont think about connecting variation with academics. In reality math, science, and especially physics, tie into every aspect of sports. Sports ar a commonality that brings nations to go abouther, Soccer, known as football to most of the world, is said to an wordless language, which unties people from different lands through a passion to play a game. Athletics and sports are made by the people who play, watch, and study them. Without all of the animated participants, there would be no development, education, and intensity that we all know and love about sports. The one component that reigns over the world of sports that most people dont ready is physics, Gravity, uniform circular motion, projectile motion, and constant acceleration are a few that occur in every sport event that has ever taken place.In the three articles that I chose to write about the concepts of physics are explained in each one. In every article there is the similarity that physics and applied science are the reasons for the advances in the sports. In the first article it is evident by the statement, High-tech bats have so enhanced players power that somewhat leagues have taken to limiting the number of home runs a team hatful hit. (Jay Greene 2,3) Even in the second article with the statement, The higher we can get the COR, the faster the ball would shoot off from the collision it would go further. (Coefficient of Restitution 2,1) Lastly in the third article when the author stated, Clearly, pole-vaulting is an example of a sport in which technology has been used to improve athletic performance. (The Physics of pole-vaulting ) Without physics these technological advances could not be made. Although these technological advances dont come without some issues attached. With the new technology of the carbon and fiberglass bats, questions can be asked like, is t here a point where advancements have gone too far? If bats are continuing to be modified and made to hit the ball farther, what will happen to the game of baseball? Already some bats are being banned from leagues and players feel they have to take much safety precautions because of the potential injury from the ball speed. I really believe that the bat industry... ...hysics in sports in general, I can see new developments taking place and new terms being discovered in years to come. In conclusion these articles and my research of physics in sports showed me that physics is everywhere. Physics is not only used in sports but in everyday life. The ways physics can help society are endless. Physics in sports is only a small example of how understanding things like vectors, trampoline effect, and strain energy can advance a sport so much. In doing this project I really learned that physics is so much more than just equations and scientific terms. Its a way of life, its a way to really improve the world and make it a better place and I appreciate physics a lot more now for that. BibliographyHigh-Tech Homers. Business Week Online. 2004.Business Week. 4/2/05http//businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_30/b3893095_mz018.htm.Coefficient of Restitution. Golf Stars Online. 2001-2005Golf Stars. 4/2/05http//www.golfstarsonline.com/golfclubs/cor.htm.The Physics of pole-vaulting. modern Vault 2003-2005A Pole Vault Resource 4/2/05http//www.neovault.com/articles_physics_of_pole_vaulting.asp.

Alternative fuel technologies

crude and rock inunct color products have been mainstay of worlds economic and technological advancement since past cl years. The mechanism whimsical the entire emigration strategy from cable cars, airplanes, railways, ships to space rockets is based on employ of aptitude of petroleum anoint. vegetable oil color products ar also extensively employ in a number of infra coordinate industries that form the core of industrial cultivatees and prat of existence of modern world. However, the petroleum resources of world be very limited and they enkindlenot endlessly meet human demands.Various estimates have put the list extractable oil stock to exist for some opposite 50-75 years if world continues to consume them at relegate rate. After that the terms of extraction of remaining petroleum products would receive frequently much than the benefits obtained them and world would require clean resources of muscle to exist. These concerns have already spawned incis ive query in alternate(a) technologies to meet the succession to come energy necessarily in the face of an impending petroleum crisis.The shortage of oil would be to a greater extent manifest in coming quantify as oil demands argon growing world wide, especially in China and India with rapidly expanding economy, transportation system and consequently requirement of petroleum oil. Even at present expending rate there atomic number 18 grave uncertainties on the make prisoner prospects of prox supplies inwardly neighboring 50 years time frame, and the rising purpose rates threatens to bring the approaching crisis ne arer.United States is thus faced with a great responsibility to secure its early interests without sacrificing its present requirements and needs. This issue forms the topic of the next section. resource terminate technologies Past decade has seen great thrust on technological researches in selection fuels. Various new techniques and models have already been introduced in the market to test their viability and capacity to successfully re taper petroleum as chief source of energy.Most of these innovations are specifically aimed at transportation sector owing to its liability as chief consumer of petroleum oil and as principle cause of soaring oil imports. imputable to distinct requirements of different sectors in transportation, the technologies vary. Passenger fomites, public transport vehicles and freight transportation carry specific needs that are difficult to be met by a single alternate(a) fuel technology (Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006).Some of the major(ip) and most popular of these technologies, where majority of research and development has taken place, are (Aldrich, 1996) 1. Hybrid Vehicle As the name suggests, crown of thorns vehicles combine dual technologies for their operation. Technically they are hybrid electric vehicle with an electric motor that drives the vehicle (Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 20 02, 41 ). 2. Bio-diesels Bio-diesel Bio-diesel, as the term suggests, is a type of renewable fuel obtained by agricultural products and used as fuel in heavy-duty vehicles.The major sources currently under research for bio-diesel are soybean, rapeseed, corn, cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, and coffin nailola (Aldrich, 1996, 85). 3. Ethanol Ethanol has emerged as a successful option to fogy fuels in Brazil where to a greater extent than 4 one metre million vehicles on ethanol based fuel and it is finding increasing finish in the world as well 4. Hydrogen There are great interests in exploitation hydrogen as fuel in transport industry due to the great tractability of options and performance it offers.Hydrogen can each be used as fuel in place of gasoline in internal combustion engine or it can be used as energy carrier in fuel cells, the latter being the major research area in automobile sector (Aldrich, 1996, 87). solar energy Solar baron has turned as a dependable source of energy in areas other than transport. All the initial costs are graduate(prenominal) in maintaining a solar energy power plant, its been sh avouch that with increasingly sophisticated technology and wider application the cost of installation as well as generation of electricity can get comparable to normal power plants. Mass Transport SystemApart from introducing alternative fuel and technologies to replace and minimize fossil fuel use, another area where fuel consumption can be easily funkd is creating a more robust and functional public transport and mass journey system. It is cost effective and time consuming to redesign the existing public transport system, especially in major cities, to cut tingle fuel consumption by reducing number of vehicles on the road. Socio-cultural impact When fossil fuels were disc everywhereed around 150 years back, the existing technologies of steam engines were unable to utilize them.However, in short in all new technologies were developed in the face of these new energy sources and they were used to capitalize on the energy confine and readiness of fossil fuels. in brief petroleum fuels revolutionized the way the world moved and worked. The past 100 years of consumption has comprehensively depleted non-renewable petroleum deposits and estimates drop another 50 more years before the remaining available sources would get almost exhausted. This fact is indeed a cause of concern, but only if viewed from existing technological frame.Declining petroleum resources offer the signal that its time to make transition towards different energy sources. Countries that would fail to read this signal or close their eyes to it are sure heading for a major crisis. But fortunately the world has the capacity to read these signals and develop reliable intermediate technologies and systems such(prenominal) as hybrid electric vehicle, ethanol and public transit systems that would considerably reduce fossil fuel consumption without add ing to infrastructure cost thereby extending the liveness period of petroleum reservoirs.Meanwhile research can take place on new age technologies such as fuel cell and solar photovoltaic cells to neck replace fossil fuels as a source of energy. It is feasible that if government and industry institute providential policy notices, there would be a master of ceremonies of alternative technologies in transportation sector by the time petroleum oil would get exhausted. _ Reference Bob Aldrich.. ABCs of AFVs a snuff it to alternative fuel vehicles.California elan vital Commission, Sacramento-CA. April 1996. 1st Feb 2007 http//www. p2pays. org/ref/26/25156. pdf Hoogma Recmo, Rene Kemp, John Schot, Bernhard Truffer. Experimenting for Sustainable Transport The Approach of Strategic recession Management. Spon Press New York 2002. 3 Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006. Consequence of U. S Oil Dependency Report of an In unfree Task Force. 30th Jan. 2007 http//www. cfr. org/co ntent/publications/attachments/EnergyTFR. pdfAlternative fuel technologiesSince its discovery 150 years ago, petroleum oil has befit lifeline of the world, the functional equivalent of blood in the human body. The mechanism driving the entire transportation system from automobiles, airplanes, railways, ships to space rockets is based on utilization of energy of petroleum oil. crude products are also extensively used in a number of infrastructure industries that form the core of industrial processes and basis of existence of modern world. However, the petroleum resources of world are very limited and they cannot endlessly meet human demands.Various estimates have put the total extractable oil stock to exist for another 50-75 years if world continues to consume them at present rate. After that the cost of extraction of remaining petroleum products would become much more than the benefits obtained them and world would require new resources of energy to exist. These concerns have alre ady spawned unrelenting research in alternative technologies to meet the future energy needs in the face of an impending petroleum crisis. United States of America is worlds leading consumer of petroleum products accounting for approximately 25 % of total consumption of petroleum oil world over.In 2003, worlds consumption of petroleum oil stood at around 80 million barrels per day, out of which USs share was close to 20 million barrel (Hirsch, Bezdek, Wending, 2005). To meet these huge petroleum demands US depends crucially on oil imports that is well above 50 % at present and continuing to rise upward. This overwhelming dependence on imported oil poses unlike strategic and security challenges for US interests in the considerable run. The sharp oil price increases of 1973 and 1979-81 serve as testimony to the dangers of import dependence.Further as the oil sources would continue to deplete, the prices of oil would steadily and inexorably rise until the level when world is faced with an acute fuel crisis. Based on these observations its vital that U. S explores alternative technologies and fuels to sustain its development and growth structure. Need of alternative fuels The continuous rise in U. S oil consumption has forced it to rely increasingly on imported oil to meet its expanding requirements. As of today with its 20 million barrel per day consumption U.S is the largest consumer and importer of oil, surpassing the combined consumption of Japan, Germany, China, Russia and South Korea (Reardon, 2004).. The share of oil in total energy produced in USA is just 17. 2 part while in consumption it rises to 40 percent that explains the need for huge oil import. Imports constitute 11 million barrels per day that is more than the aggregate oil import of Japan, Germany, and South Korea (Reardon, 2004). The bulk of the oil consumption takes place in the transportation sector, which accounts for the 69 percent of the total oil consumption in US (Basic Petroleum St atistics, 2007).Consumption stands highest for motor gasoline. Average daily consumption of motor gasoline in U. S, according to Petroleum data (EIA, 2005) is 8933 thousand barrels per day. Distillate fuel oil is the second most consumed petroleum product with daily consumption at 2817 thousand barrels. These figures revert a realistic view of inevitable oil import dependency U. S for present and future if it carries on the present rate of consumption. Indeed the chances to discipline the massive oil imports are slim considering the fleet of 210 millions vehicle that depend solely upon motor gasoline for their functioning (Hirsch R.L, Bezdek R, Wending R, February 2005, 4). As on 1st January 2006, the total proven oil reserves with U. S was just 21. 6 billion barrels, which implies that in future U. S would be forced to rely almost completely on oil imports for its entire transportation requirements. As the closer sources shall run dry, U. S dependency would shift to further sour ces from where oil must be transported over vulnerable put up lines, leading to rise in global oil price. The greater risk is certainly compromising with U. S national interests.The oil supply lines would always be at risk against subversive elements requiring another snip of huge investment in ensuring safe transportation of oil to U. S shoreward facilities. It will also place U. S interests in the hands of oil cartels such as OPEC that may freely manipulate oil supplies according to their own interests. Part II Alternative fuel technologies The impending oil crisis has finally stirred policy makers in US. A number of approaches are suggested that include a. marvelous taxes on oil consumption b. development tradable gasoline permits and c. exploration of new sources of oil ( Deutch J, Schlesinger J.R, Victor D. G. 2006 ). However, the pressing need of situation demands measures that would sustain the present structure while safeguarding the future against depleting sources and rising petroleum prices. As the worlds oil reserves are finite, even measures such stagnating oil consumption and using oil more efficiently are just helpful in delaying the inevitable without offering any permanent solution to the issue. Oil reserves are going down steadily and within a couple of decades prices will soar up inexorably disrupting the economy, industry and society in turn.The only serviceable solution to this conundrum is technological innovations in energy field that can reduce dependence on petroleum oil by providing alternative and sustainable sources of energy. It shall serve 2 immensely useful purposes that are a. minimizing U. S dependence on foreign oil and b. preventing the environment from harms associated with use of petroleum oils and products. The demonstration of oil exhaustion has inspired efforts from both government and corporate sector to research and develop the new fuel technologies as a providential measure for survival, growth and get a a bundant with in forthcoming days of oil crisis.Past decade has seen great thrust on technological researches in alternative fuels. Various new techniques and models have already been introduced in the market to test their viability and capacity to successfully replace petroleum as chief source of energy. Most of these innovations are specifically aimed at transportation sector owing to its liability as chief consumer of petroleum oil and as principle cause of soaring oil imports. Due to distinct requirements of different sectors in transportation, the technologies varyAlternative fuel technologiesSince its discovery 150 years ago, petroleum oil has become lifeline of the world. The entire structure of the modern mechanized world, consisting from transportation system, automobiles, airplanes, railways, ships to space rockets today operates primarily on the energy derived from the fossil fuels/petroleum oils. Apart from being mainstay of the transportation sector, petroleum products h ave also found wide application in a large undulate of core infrastructure industries that are essential for survival of industrial processes and basis of existence of modern world.This dependence on exclusive use of petroleum resources of world has become cause of serious concern among policy planners. Petroleum resources are very limited and they have cannot be continuously exploited to meet human demand. According to varoius studies and estimates, the total oil stock of world t is expected to last for another 50-75 years if world continues to consume them at present rate. After that the cost of extraction of remaining petroleum products would rise greatly. It would become so costly that benefits obtained from oil would be lower than expenditure incurred on them.Thus world may need another resources of energy to exist. These fears and concerns have already generated intense research in alternative technologies to meet the future energy needs in the face of an overhanging petroleu m crisis. The large part of the oil consumption takes place in the transportation sector, which accounts for the 69 percent of the total oil consumption in the US alone (Basic Petroleum Statistics, 2007). Overall there are basketball team major sectors accounting for petroleum oil consumption. These sectors, along with their consumption share in year 2005 are (Petroleum-EIA, 2006)1. Domestic/Household Consumption in 2005 was 869 thousand barrels of petroleum per day 2. Commercial 386 thousand barrels of petroleum per day 3. Industrial 5061 thousand barrels of petroleum per day 4. electric automobile top executive production 545 thousand barrels of petroleum per day 5. Transportation 13, 825 thousand barrels of petroleum per day. The consumption pattern in the transportation sector shows that consumption is highest for motor gasoline. Average daily consumption of motor gasoline in U. S, according to Petroleum data (EIA, 2005) is 8933 thousand barrels per day.Distillate fuel oil is the second most consumed petroleum product with daily consumption at 2817 thousand barrels. These figures show that U. S would be dependent on oil imports for present and future if it carries on the present rate of consumption. U. S has a fleet of 210 millions vehicle that depend entirely upon motor gasoline for their functioning that makes it very difficult to reduce oil consumption. (Hirsch R. L, Bezdek R, Wending R, February 2005, 4). As on 1st January 2006, the total proven oil reserves with U. S was just 21. 6 billion barrels, which means that in future U.S would be forced to rely almost completely on oil imports for its entire transportation requirements. As the closer sources shall run dry, U. S would be dependent on distant sources from where oil must be transported. The supply lines may become vulnerable to leakage and terrorist attacks and it would lead to rise in global oil price. The greater risk is certainly compromising with U. S national interests. The oil supply line s would always be at risk against subversive elements requiring another set of huge investment in ensuring safe transportation of oil to U. S onshore facilities.It will also place U. S interests in the hands of oil cartels such as OPEC that may freely manipulate oil supplies according to their own interests. The shortage of oil would increase greatly in coming times as oil demands are growing worldwide. Meanwhile China and India are also expanding their economy, transportation system and hence they would need more oil in future. Even at present rate there are serious doubts on the secure prospects of future supplies within next 50 years time frame, and the rising consumption rates threatens to bring the approaching crisis nearer.United States has thus a great responsibility to secure its future interests without sacrificing its present requirements and needs. This issue forms the topic of the next section. Alternative fuel technologies The forthcoming oil crisis has finally moved po licy makers in US. A number of approaches are suggested that include a. imposing taxes on oil consumption b. using tradable gasoline permits and c. exploration of new sources of oil ( Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006 ).However, the urgent need of situation demands methods that would sustain the present structure while safeguarding the future against depleting sources and rising petroleum prices. As the worlds oil reserves are limited, even measures such stagnating oil consumption and using oil more efficiently are just helpful in delaying the inevitable without offering any permanent solution to the issue. Oil reserves are going down steadily and within a couple of decades prices will soar up inexorably disrupting the economy, industry and society in turn.The only practical solution to this problem is technological innovations in energy field that can reduce dependence on petroleum oil by providing alternative and sustainable sources of energy. It shall serve two immens ely useful purposes that are a. minimizing U. S dependence on foreign oil and b. preventing the environment from damages associated with use of petroleum oils and products. The certainty of oil exhaustion has inspired efforts from both government and corporate sector to research and develop the new fuel technologies as a providential measure for survival, growth and progress in forthcoming days of oil crisis.Past decade has seen great move on technological researches in alternative fuels. Various new techniques and models have already been introduced in the market to test their viability and capacity to successfully replace petroleum as chief source of energy. Most of these innovations are specifically aimed at transportation sector because it is the chief consumer of petroleum oil and as principle cause of increasing oil imports. Due to distinct requirements of different sectors in transportation, there are various technologies.Passenger vehicles, public transport vehicles and frei ght transportation carry specific needs that are difficult to be met by a single alternative fuel technology. Some of the major and most popular of these technologies, where majority of research and development has taken place, are (Aldrich, 1996) 1. Hybrid Vehicle 2. Bio-diesels 3. Ethanol 4. Hydrogen and 6. Solar energy Following section discusses the technology used in each of these new vehicle-systems and their benefits over conventional gasoline based internal combustion engine.Hybrid Vehicles As the name suggests, hybrid vehicles combine dual technologies for their operation. Technically they are hybrid electric vehicle with an electric motor that drives the vehicle (Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 2002, 41 ). In the plate of a typical electric vehicle, hydrogen fuel cell or chemical batteries such as advanced sealed lead battery, nickel cadmium and lithium ion are used for auxiliary power (Aldrich, 1996). However in the hybrid electric vehicles, the electric drive technolo gy is combined with a gasoline-based power generator for running the electric motor and charging the batteries.Hybrid vehicles are either full hybrid or mid hybrid. A full hybrid vehicle can move forward from standstill purely on electric power while a mid hybrid requires gasoline power for initial movement, although both technologies concentrate on maximum utilization of electric motor power while reducing the use of gasoline as far as possible (Hybrid Terms, 2007). The electric motor and internal combustion engine (ICE) are connected either in parallel or in serial in a hybrid vehicle.In parallel hybrid cars, power to engine is supplied by both the electric motor and internal combustion engine while in the series hybrid car the gasoline engine powers the electric motor and batteries to generate electricity, without directly providing power for the vehicle (Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2007). There is another category of hybrid vehicles, called as plug-in hybrid that can operate as a full electric vehicle. They require some additional batteries and use electricity net to charge the batteries thereby minimizing gasoline use to its lowest possible levels (Hybrid Terms, 2007).All hybrid electric vehicle use computer that constantly monitors speed, power involve and charge conditions of batteries (Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2007). Hybrid vehicles offer numerous benefits over the conventional gasoline based ICE, some of which are (Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2007 Sanna, 2007, 12 Aldrich, 1996, 88 ) 1. Hybrid vehicles are extremely fuel efficient, with most of the driving thrust coming from electric power. 2. Unlike electric cars, they offer unlimited range of traveling and transportation 3.Hybrid technology is confederacy of the proven technology of ICE with electric motors, thus giving it reliability in the market. 4. Hybrid technology can be used in various sectors of transportation, from personal vehicles to heavy duty vehicles. In fact, both the major US car man ufacturers, GM and Ford have come out with a range of hybrid vehicles, that are successful in market. 5. Plug in -Hybrid technology is even more fuel conserving and environmentally benign, cutting down CO2 outpouring by more than 30 % while using minimum possible use of gasoline.Hybrid vehicles offer the most reliable alternate technology which US can capitalize upon without risking any major upheaval in its current fuel-technology structure. These vehicles promise to drastically reduce fuel oil consumption, reducing the needs of oil imports, lag purchasing time for completely oil free technology. Bio-diesel Bio-diesel, as the term suggests, is a type of renewable fuel obtained by agricultural products and used as fuel in heavy-duty vehicles. The major sources currently under research for bio-diesel are soybean, rapeseed, corn, cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, and canola (Aldrich, 1996, 85).The process of making bio-diesel involves use of an alcohol such as wood alcohol which is tre ated with oil of selected agricultural produce to form glycerin followed by separation of fatty esters, recycling of excess alcohol and purification of esters to produce a fuel that bears remarkable closeness to diesel, however with higher octane number (Aldrich, 1996, 85). Currently bio-diesel is used when commix with petroleum diesel, especially in European markets, with commendable results. Bio-diesel offers a host of benefits over conventional petroleum diesel, some of which are (Faupel and Kurki, 2002, 1).1. Reduction in vehicle emission leading to environment safe emission standards 2. As bio-diesel is an excellent lubricant it helps to prolong engine life 3. As the fuel is non-toxic and easily biodegradable it presents high safety standards in storage and transportation. 4. It will fall boost to agricultural productions 5. It poses significantly lower health risks than petroleum diesel, successfully meeting health requirement standards established by Clean Air make believe Amendment of 1990. 6.The technology of bio-diesel doesnt require any major altercation in present engine technology and infrastructure models, making it a popular excerpt in alternative fuel category. 7. The fact that bio-diesel can be completely synthesized domestically gives US a great opportunity to curtail its dependence on fossil fuel, curb imports, optimize its economy and make a transition towards a secure and sustainable future. Bio-diesel has gained wide acceptance as a viable alternative for fossil-diesel and it is increasingly used in mass transit system, freight transportation and heavy duty vehiclesEthanol Ethanol as a very long history as an alternative fuel, and it was tried in even 1880 as a fuel option for Ford cars (Aldrich, 1996, 51). Ethanol is derived from agricultural produces by process of fermentation and distillation to form a high-octane liquid fuel. Normally ethanol is not used alone as a fuel, instead it is blended with gasoline in ratio of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline to form a fuel E-85, which is approved as an alternative fuel in US (Ethanol, 2007). The vehicles run on this fuel are called as flexi fuel vehicles.Ethanol has emerged as a successful alternative to fossil fuels in Brazil where more than 4 million vehicles on ethanol based fuel and it is finding increasing application in US as well. The benefits of using ethanol are multifold and they include (Ethanol, 2007) 1. Ease in use Although E85 engine is somewhat different than ICE, it is possible to alter the existing ICE to accommodate E85 as the fuel 2. Reduced petroleum consumption Increased use of E85 promises considerable reduction in use of fossil oil. 3.Renewable and sustainable fuel E-85 is organically synthesized. It is renewable as ethanol can be made from waste bio products, optimizing the energy sector. 4. Environment compatibility Vehicles using E-85 produce around 50 percent less smog in emission 5. Flexible fuel options Vehicles using E-85 as fuel can also operate on gasoline, which is useful in case of non accessibility of E-85 Hydrogen There are great interests in using hydrogen as fuel in transport industry due to the great flexibility of options and performance it offers.Hydrogen can either be used as fuel in place of gasoline in internal combustion engine or it can be used as energy carrier in fuel cells, the latter being the major research area in automobile sector (Aldrich, 1996, 87). Generally, hydrogen is obtained by decomposing hydrocarbon fuels, electrolysis of water and photolysis. It is stored directly in form of gas, liquid or as chemically with metal hydrides (Hydrogen Economy, 2002, 2). Due to its low energy volume, direct use of hydrogen as a fuel would require considerably large volumes to fuel the vehicle.On the other hand, hydrogen is extremely efficient in fuel cells. In a fuel cell, hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce electricity, Use of hydrogen offers following advantages (Hydrogen Economy, 2002 Aldrich, 1996,87) 1. It is the most abundant element in man and hence practically inexhaustible as a source of energy. 2. When burned it produces water vapour as only by product. 3. Hydrogen can be used a fuel directly in ICE, requiring no modification in engine design. 4.Hydrogen fuel cells involve no pollution, and provide higher efficiency of the order of 45 percent in combustion. 5. In case of any accidents, hydrogen powered vehicle are likely to cause less damage due to light chemical nature of hydrogen. Solar Power Use of solar power as energy in transportation sector has been repress of intense technological research. While the solar energy has found wide application as domestic energy supply, there are difficulties in their application in transport sector.Photovoltaic cells, that absorb sunrays to provide electricity, are inefficient under the current technology strains and unable to generate even a fraction of required power to drive a normal passenger vehicle. Howe ver, solar power has turned as a dependable source of energy in areas other than transport. All the initial costs are high in maintaining a solar energy power plant, its been shown that with increasingly sophisticated technology and wider application the cost of installation as well as generation of electricity can get comparable to normal power plants (Borowitz, 1999,112).Conclusion When fossil fuels were discovered around 150 years back, the existing technologies of steam engines were unable to utilize them. However, soon completely new technologies were developed as new energy sources were discovered. They started to use the energy content and efficiency of fossil fuels. Soon petroleum fuels revolutionized the way the world moved and worked. The past 100 years of consumption has comprehensively depleted non-renewable petroleum deposits and estimates give another 50 more years before the remaining available sources would get almost exhausted.US has the capacity to read these signa ls and develop reliable intermediate technologies and systems such as hybrid electric vehicle, ethanol and public transit systems that would considerably reduce fossil fuel consumption without adding to infrastructure cost thereby extending the life period of petroleum reservoirs. Meanwhile research is continuing on new age technologies such as fuel cell and solar photovoltaic cells to complete replace fossil fuels as a source of energy.It is possible that if government and industry institute providential policy measures, there would be a host of alternative technologies in transportation sector by the time petroleum oil would get exhausted. Economic advantage of using alternative fuels Alternative fuel technologies carry great economic benefit for US. Presently USA is heavily dependent on imported petroleum fuel that accounts for massive expenditure in the federal budget. Increased use of alternative fuel technology would reduce this dependency, saving billions of dollars annually. Further, the domestic production, processing and maintenance of alternative fuel resources and vehicles would create more number of jobs, thus strengthening the economic conditions. Alternative vehicles would also create far less air pollution, which would help the quality of life with reduced lungs diseases, cancers, asthma and various other problems. It would also bring down the need as well as the cost of environmental cleanup, adding to economic benefits further (AFV-2000) Reference Alternative Fuel Vehicles, 2000, Climate Change Technologies, 21st Feb, 2007, http//yosemite.epa. gov/oar/globalwarming. nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/SHSU5BMSCX/$File/alternativefueledvehicles. pdf Basic Petroleum Statistics. Jan 2007. Energy Information Administration. 31st Jan. 2007 http//www. eia. doe. gov/neic/quickfacts/quickoil. hypertext markup language Bob Aldrich.. ABCs of AFVs a guide to alternative fuel vehicles. California Energy Commission, Sacramento-CA. April 1996. 1st Feb 2007 http//www. p2pay s. org/ref/26/25156. pdf Borowitz, Sidney. Farewell Fossil Fuels Reviewing Americas Energy Policy. Plenum Trade New York 1999 Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006. Consequence of U.S Oil Dependency Report of an Independent Task Force. 30th Jan. 2007 http//www. cfr. org/content/publications/attachments/EnergyTFR. pdf Ethanol. 2007. Alternative Fuel Data Center. US Department of Energy. 1st Feb, 2007, http//www. eere. energy. gov/afdc/altfuel/ethanol. html Faupel Karen and Al Kukri, 2002. Biodiesel A Brief Overivew. NCAT Agricultural Specialist. 1st Feb, 2007. http//www. msenergy. ms/biodiesel. pdf Hirsch R. L, Bezdek R, Wending R. February 2005. Peaking of World Oil Production Impact, Mitigation, & Risk Management. 30th Jan. 2007 http//www. pppl.gov/publications/pics/Oil_Peaking_1205. pdf Hoogma Recmo, Rene Kemp, John Schot, Bernhard Truffer. Experimenting for Sustainable Transport The Approach of Strategic Niche Management. Spon Press New York 2002. 36 Hybrid Electric Veh icles. Feb 2007. Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Implementing Agreement. International Energy Agency. 1st Feb, 2007. http//www. ieahev. org/hybrid. htmlAnchor3 Hybrid Terms. HybridCars. com. 1st Feb 2007 http//www. hybridcars. com/types-systems/hybrid-terms. html Petroleum. July, 2006. Annual Energy Review-2005. 31s Jan, 2007 http//www. eia. doe. gov/emeu/aer/petro.html Petroleum Overview, 1949-2005. Annual Energy Review. 31st Jan, 2007 http//www. eia. doe. gov/emeu/aer/petro. html Prospects For A Hydrogen Economy. Oct. 2002. Postnote. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology. 1st Feb, 2007. http//www. parliament. uk/post/pn186. pdf Sanna Lucy. ride the Solution Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles. EPRI Journal. 1st Feb 2007. http//www. calcars. org/epri-driving-solution-1012885_PHEV. pdf U. S. Imports- Petroleum Navigator. Energy Information Administration. 31st Jan 2007 http//tonto. eia. doe. gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_NUS_Z00_mbbl_m. htm

Modernism, Erich Heckel and Primitive Art Essay

The names Erich Heckel and kick the bucket Brucke atomic number 18 inseparable in the world of blind. It is not without a fair amount of controversy that this graphicsistic fecal matter is regarded though. Heckel, and differents were more interested in the unprocessed line of maneuver which they thought to be purer than the more modern realistic style that had evolved in Europe at the time. just how did the e artificehy art of Africa and other areas affect the style of this movement during a actuateicularly restless political climate in Europe?We will handle this with reference to the performance of Erich Heckel, one of the operatives who contributed to the movement greatly during its short life. Die Brucke (The Bridge) was an artistic movement that congregated before the first World War. It was puted by four architecture students in Dresden. Together with Die Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), Die Brucke represented German Expressionism which later was banned by the Naz is as degenerate art 1. It was the national equivalent of the French Fauves who wished to present a more modernistic and free form of art.It was in early Nazi Germany that degenerate art or entartete kunst made Die Brucke a ridiculed artistic movement. Some of the artists banned from activity included Marc Chagall, Max Ernst and Wassily Kandinsky who were all particular members of the then German Expressionist movement 2. The primary reason for this banning had been due to one aspect in its entirety primitivism. In the case of Marc Chagall, his inspiration came from a certain spirituality that was intricate in the process of creating art and primitive symbolism gave him just that link to spirituality he unavoidablenessed to express himself 2.Chagall, as one of the modernist painters had been born(p) in Russia into a Jewish family and even though he was not German, he was exiled to the United States after Germany occupied France. Paul Klee was another of the German Expressionist w ho was ridiculed as an artist because of the primitive temperament of his work. Klee was a Swiss born artist who was extremely serious about pushing the boundaries of art, something Nazi Germany definitely did not encourage. The primitive symbolism is particularly visible in paintings such as Fish Magic (1925), oil and aquarelle simulation 4 p 2834.Klee uses the heavy stylization and cubism to convey an milieu that is much more complicated in its nitty-gritty than its composition. There is an element of surrealism alike conveyed in this piece, where a clock is displayed amidst the floating fish and cubist shake people. A conjugation of cubism and surrealism is visible but there is alike an aspect of Cezanne with the conical vases suspended around the picture. devastation and Fire (1940) is another extremely primitive piece and has elements of the southward American Indians such as the Inca 4 p 2841. Franc Marc melded primitive figures with cubism and skilful burnishs.Tower of Blue Horses (1913), revealed a recurring theme in his work. For Marc, the color blue was a deep spiritual color while horses were a Biblical symbol of the apocalypse 5. As a member of Die Blaue Reiter, his cognizance was fixated on animalistic painting which he believed depicted the organic structure of the world 5 p 2985. Despite being declined as an artist in Germany, his work is extremely beautiful. Edvard Munch shifted from Nor appearance to Germany but his exhibition was quickly shut d witness in Berlin. He could be seen as one of the forerunners to primitivism in art and therefore not popular in Germany.Munchs best known work is possibly The Scream (1893) whose primitive nature is extremely limpid not only in the brushstrokes but also in the treatment of the subject itself 6 p 2352. Some of his work, as opposed to Marc, is not beautiful, but antic and indicative of the tormented self. Wassily Kandinsky is possibly the most interesting of the degenerate artists. He was n ot only affected by the Russian revolution, but later also the Nazi invasion. His version of primitivism came in his obsession with geometry, similar to Marc. Composition VIII (1923), is literally a composition of geometric shapes.The colors are bright and dispersed around the entire picture. Some blocks of color are textured, but most of it is matte and smooth color. Erich Heckel, as a founder member of Die Brucke was born in Dobeln in 1883. Most of Heckels figures were in circumstance two dimensional versions of African sculptures. From equatorial Africa, down towards Southern Africa, sculptures was used symbolically most often for religious purposes. Heckel had been actually interested in one particular room at the Brucke studio which was filled with cloths, wood-carvings and furniture obtained in Africa and the South Seas.He began studying at the Museum of Ethnology in Dresden to increase his understanding of the primitive art 9. His woodcut entitled Women (1913), has tradition al colors of red, white and black. The chiseled features are geometrically shaped and stylized to give the cut the same angularity of the carvings that originated in Africa. The same print style is visible in cloth artifacts that were also imported from the African areas and so-called primitive countries. Part of the rationale behind the primitivism work was an almost communist stance against the bourgeois sector of golf club 8.There had been an increased interest in visual metaphor, pictures that expressed something from the inside an innate spirituality. At this stage, modern art became profoundly political, shifting the meaning of art from simple decorative and esthetics to a complex vessel for expounding social interests. The modern world took on a different color during the early 1900s, which led to the increased darkening of themes and images, but Heckel was a little different. The Expressionists, including Heckel drew inspiration from primitive art for various reasons.These reasons included counter-revolutionary reasons new found freedom of thought anti-capitalist protest seeking the purest, most honest depiction of spirituality fascination with otherness exploration of the spontaneous external expression of the privileged emotion and philosophical creativity. The Art Nouveau movement had taken its expression from the decadent nature of estheticism. It was art for arts sake and had been a depiction of the environment at the time, but Expressionism be begetd as a counter-revolutionary protest against the capitalist or bourgeois society 10.The Expressionists felt that materialistic society had degraded spirituality and intimate affiliation in people in general. Together with a new found freedom of expression introduced by the likes of Picasso and Miro, Dali and even Duchamps, the Expressionists now felt that they could express their own opinions via art. As a result, there was an increased need for internal examination that stripped away the ostentat ious outer layer of the Baroque and Romantic era. rough cultures had been particularly interested in the spiritual and found this spirituality in the simplest forms of art 10. Arguably, the many layers humanity had added to themselves through material possession and fashion hid the inner emotional volcano the Expressionists wanted to uncover. The primitive was largely unaffected by the material practices and therefore appeared to be a more honest way of expressing the curb emotion. It was also more based on spirit then on rationality 10. The other key interest is in the concept of otherness.The fact that this particular form of art was largely unheard-of to the civilized world was a curious thing for Europeans to ac intimacy 10. It added a freshness or newness to the high-browed European art world. Modern artist Shastri Maharaj describes the obsession with primitiveness as being an interest in the bold colors and sharp outlines usually associated with the tools used to form the i mages. Artists such as Modigliani were particularly interested in Polynesian images, while Heckel was interested in the so-called Bantu style of woodcarving.Either way they were some(prenominal) excite by something that was new and unexplored 11. Masks such as death masks were images used in works that explored the nature of life and death, due in part to their austere beauty and also because they were unafraid of facing the inevitable. At this stage, psychiatry had also made a huge enchant on society, with Sigmund Freuds cost increase to face inner demons that include mans inherent fear of death. What was termed funerary art created a stir around the unknown and facing the unknown 11.Ancestral worship had been an aspect of primitive art that was also seen as relatively unacceptable to Christian Europe. Robert Goldwater spent his life studying traditional art and the relationship between modern artists and their anthropological fascination with tribal and ancestral art. Even if one was to consider Salvador Dalis depictions of animals and people with exaggerated limbs, we see an influence that it not unlike the North Eastern sculptures of Africa. Together with the Metropolitan Museum, they created an extensive resource of primitive art.A closer look at ritual art reveals at the Metropolitan Museum reveals that the old-fashioned work was either of stone, wood or precious metals were richly patterned and elaborately colored. The relationship therefore between the modernist painters and the ancient world is visible in the brightly colored depictions of the artists such as Marc and Chagall. That Heckel took his inspiration from the African component of primitive art is evident since the majority of African art was produced in wood and ivory as opposed to the gold that is associated with the South American Indians.Some of the art was also indicative of the caste or rank of the people within the civilization and this proved to be a great difference in the materi al that was used by the individual artist during that time 12. Ceremony was an integral part of their belief structure and could not be separated from their daily life in much the same way as the Greeks could not separate their idol-worship from their mere existence. It was this factor of belonging and having a purpose to life that the Expressionists found to be the missing link in European art. This was the factor they believed had distanced them from their own inner glory.As the Metropolitan Museum also reveals there was a heightened collectivity about these primitive artists, that they functioned in some form of hierarchal virtuoso that no longer existed in, for instance, Nazi dominated Europe 12. Da Vinci had been responsible for exploring the inner functioning of the human bole, its bones and muscles, but prior to that, the human body was depicted in much the same way the African sculptures portrayed it to be relatively shapeless. Women appeared however to always be portrayed as nubile, well-endowed and well-endowed, which is probably the archetype but not indicative of the average woman.These fertility goddesses were presumed to bring good-fortune to child-bearing women and Heckel produced a number of lino and wood cuts bearing the semblance of these prolific women. As it can be perceived, the primitive world was one in which survival of a race, tribe of civilization was dependant on the amount of children born and even then, on how many survived. In modern Europe, the race had already been established and the need to breed was not as great as the need to supplicate the need for material wealth.Cultural difference therefore lay in the status of the country at the time and although many of the works that inspired the likes of Heckel are form the Sudanese area, it is also the area of Africa which is still fighting the oldest war in Africa. The survival instinct is still as alive as it had been in primitive times. The Indian component of primitive art is visible in almost all of the Expressionist work, particularly that of Klee, whose aforementioned piece called Death and Fire, reveals the common obsession with death and the possibility of life thereafter.The Peruvian tribes such as the Moche provided artists with a clear glimpse into their entire grotesque world of death, burying and the afterlife. The Inca too, had profound images of death as well as the most famous sarcophagi of Egypt. The masks were meant to be a motif of the victim, but since the skill of copying the dead somebody was not quite as practiced as, Gainsborough or Lely, they were heavily stylized. Klee saw no reason to attempt to glamorize the process of death and going to endocarp in the way that perhaps Blake would have, but instead brought it down to what it really was a primal fear.Modiglianis work is well known to have been influenced by the Polynesian realms, and this is also seen not only in his subject matter but also in his cubist approach to the subjec t matter. A cotemporary of Picasso, he did not quite stylize his subject to the point of pure abstraction but used brightly colored flowers and luscious physical arrangements in a time when that was considered not only kitsch but also inappropriate. The question was, did it make any difference when compared to the works of the also ridiculed Goya or even further impale to Rubens?No, the problem was no the nude, but the nationality of the nude. The otherness of the subject made them appear to be crude, basic and uncivilized to the Western eye, which of course, as they were not understood, could not have been the case. Similarly the work of Munch and Chagall were both based on religious iconography that was exhibited in the same way as perhaps the Bushmen cave paintings of Southern Africa. The pictures were monotonic except for the raw emotion that obviously courses through the paintings into the viewer.Whether of not you like The Scream or not makes not difference when you look at it because it affects you disregarding of whether you see it as a master work or not. This was the point of Expressionism and indeed of all Modern Art, the inner connection and ability to feel emotion whether it was anguish, fear, love or lust. These are all very basic emotions and basic feelings. If one looks a step further at the Impressionists, the same volatility of nature was the expressive part of the movement itself.It was beyond the self-obsessed need for fickle and wanton things, it was about capturing something a time a place that could never be seen in that way again. If we consider the art of ancient Greece, which could also be termed primitive, the effects it has had on modern art has been immense. It has not stopped instilling reverence and wonder on the modern world, by its sheer ingenuity. Also obsessed with basic emotions, it made them not very different at all to the Aztecs of the Mayan empires, other than that it has been more widely preserved.Apart from the phil osophical arguments regarding modern arts fascination with the primitive, it also gives us a sense of preserving what we have been given in knowledge and heritage from whatever angle we approach it. The primitive has always been with us, right down to our involuntary fight-or-flight reaction that we can never ignore. The basis for survival was very different and the means of producing the works we call primitive today, was not purely for decorative or entertainment value.It had a specific purpose and part to play. As the modern human has become more in love with its own intelligence and more obsessed with its produce, it has begun to forget why it was put on nation in the first place. Artists, it could be argued are generally of the introverted, self-analyzing type and it could be that what modern art wanted to do, was to free them of the burden of emptiness. No doubt, the primitive instinct we find necessary for basic survival would kick in at some stage, but it doesnt seem to be inherent anymore.It can be concluded that the ostentatious lifestyles modern man had created over the years for himself had gradually dug him into a pit of artistic stagnation and the meaning of art itself changed completely. Picasso had stood up against the Nazis in 1933 at the Paris Universal Exhibition when he painted the anti-Franco/Hitler painting Geurnica (1933) and the sensitive artist suddenly became the political activist. This is why, in art, music, literature, philosophy and even in science, we will always come back to the same conclusion and to the same means we think therefore we are.

Promote communication in health and social care setting Essay

Identify the different reasons why quite a little communicate when working in a c atomic number 18 setting converse is a get word factor, you take in to be able to communicate with a wide range of wad such as service substance abusers, families and/or carers, new(prenominal) members or staff and management, you go away also hold up to come into contact with other professional from cartridge clip to time such as doctors, nurses and social workers. Communication is the basis of all relationships, regardless of weather the relationships are soulfulnessal or professional, and regardless of the nature of the communication.see to a greater extentexplain how children and young people use communication methods in different ship canalReasons why people communicateExplain how communication affects relationship at bottom the work setting Communication affects relationships in many different ways in the work setting. Relationships are beta and relationships are built of trust and brain between people makes it easier to get things d champion. The benefits of effective communication in the workplace are that it is- A happier, less-frustrating workplace experience.Frees up employees to focus on other more productive activities. An increase in satisfaction from workplace activities and workplace relationships. An increase in productivity can lead to an increase in pay, promotion, and prestige The key relationships are with the people that I restrain. The skills that I have learned as a care assistant will help me to build relationships and this will be authorized to ensure that the right out(a)comes are met, for event some(prenominal) tree trunk may have identified that they would require support in their lives and they take to sure that the people they are working with are honest and trustworthy.Read moreDescribe the Different Ways That People CommunicateRelationships with colleagues and other professionals are vital if people are to work together effec tively. Showing respect for the work that other professionals undertake is an essential building block of a good professional relationship. It is important to take the time to find out what other people do and think about what you could learn from them, and remember that everybody makes a contribution. license how to establish the communication and style needs, wishes and preferences of individuals. All relationships start through communication, when providing support for people you must ensure that you are a good communicator. You will have to gain an taste of messages that are being communicated from others and be able to communicate back when youre non always able to use words. When you first meet somebody and call on the carpet to them you would usually be apply two language systems to enable communication and thy will be verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication is when we communicate our message verbally to whoever is receiving the message.Nonverbal commun ication is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. Such messages can be communicated through gesture, body language or posture, facial expression and eye contact. Body language is very important when you communicate as it affects the way people interoperated what you are essay to say. Effective communication requires you to have the ability to understand youre own and other peoples non verbal behavior. Your body often sends messages to other people unintentially.Describe the factors to reach when promoting effective communication When people communicate they tend to take nonice of somebodys tone of voice and facial expressions first other than what is rattling being said.As a care assistant being able to understand the factors that contributes to good communication is very important as this will leave behind me to gain an agreement of every service user and also be able to tell if anything is affecting them or causing them upset or pain. face a range of communication methods and styles to meet individual needs.There are many different ways to communicate and ensuring that you are using the right direct and type of language is very important to ensuring that you are being understood fully. Communicating with people may not always be about communicate or even non-verbal communication, you can communicate in a wide of different ways these are- Email audio (speaking, singing) telephone conversation texting using a mobile (short messages) visual (seeing pictures, slides, artwork, written words) kinesthetic (teaching someone by showing them how to do something, hands-on instruction, texture) face-to-face vs. long distance Interperators (if you are exhausting to communicate with somebody whos language you do not speak) technological (some people prefer reading books, other prefer reading them via electronic screen)Demonstrate how to respond to an individuals reaction when communicating A response d uring communication is important for the communication to take place. If someone is talking to you and you are not responding, it is difficult for communication to take place. When you respond to someone, it shows that you are listening to them, which then shows that you understand what they are saying and are interpreting it correctly.However, the response doesnt need to be verbal. A simple nod can even be considered communicating, as long as both participants are aware of each other and understand what is being said. When communicating it is important to remember that when communicating you can often learn as much by observing as by what you hear. It is important to learn to listen with your eyes. An important part of responding appropriately to communication is recognizing when people are distressed and know how to deal with it. It is importing to have an understanding of the effects of emotions, as they can often be an indicator of a potentially highly charged or dangerous situa tion. There are some general indications that a person is becoming distressed and these can be obvious to see- i. breathing patternsii. excessive sweatingiii. face and neck bend red and flushediv. body languagev. eyes for example pupils dilatevi. change in facial expressionsvii. change in tone of voice for example voice may become raised Explain how people from different backgrounds may used and /or interpreter communication methods in different ways When you are first communicating with somebody it is important to find out about communication issues the person you are communicating with. You can discover a great deal about possible communication issues by simply observing somebodys behavior. Observation should be able to establishWhat language is being usedIf the person is experiencing any hearing or visual impairment If they have any physical illness or disabilityIf they have any learning disabilitiesAny of these issues could have a huge affect on how well we communicate and can allow you to put steps in place to help communicating easier. Identify barriers to effective communication Hearing Impairment- A service user that has a hearing impairment in one or both ears. visual sight- A service user that has no visual sight or poor vision or sight in one eye. Disability/learning difficulties- A service user that major power have a condition that might stop them from communicating effectively and might need visual aids to help them communicate. Learning and speech impediment- A service user that finds it hard to communicate through speech and gets frustrated because they are not understood. 0ther languages (cultural backgrounds or English as an additional language)- you may need an interpreter or find other means of communicating with service user that do not speak English. Different family background personality.Demonstrate ways to overcome barriers to communicatePhysical barriersPhysical and environmental factors can cause problems when we communicate. When you are communicating it is important to consider the surrounding that you are in when youre communicating, for example people find it difficult to talk in noise and move places. Understand what could be barriers tocommunication can allow myself to ensure that communicating id done effectively these could be- Hearing lossPhysical disabilityVisual impairmentLearning disabilityDementiaLanguage differencesDistressDemonstrate how to access extra support or services to enable individuals to communicate efficiently. If I am having any communication problems with a service user I would seek advice straight away as the bimestrial I leave It the longer the problem will take to get resolved. Also the service user may become upset and frustrated and this can cause more barriers when communicating. The person I would go to first is my organiser and if they are unable to resolve the problem they will get in touch with people who can. These could be- description services- can help with changi ng written txt from one language to another. Interpreter services they convert spoken language from one to another. Speech and language services- support for people who have had a stroke or have problems with speech. Advocacy service- support people who are unable to speech for themselves. This service trys to understand the needs and wishes of people and will argue on their behalf.Explain the meaning of the term confidentialityWithin the care sector there are statutory requirement under the data protection act 1998 to ensure that all records are confidential. This act gives people the right to see all the information record about them weather its their medical records or the social service file. Confidentiality means keeping all information with the work place safe and and be passed on where there is a clear right and need to do so if it could cause half to an individual.Confidentiality is an important right to everybody and it is very important as a care assistant to remember t his as because service users might not trust a care assistant who can not keep things private additionally by breaking confidentiality you may be putting service users at risk if their personal details get out for example home address. All service users records will be kept in a locked office and they will also be kept on the computer which will be password protected and there will be policies on record keeping within the office place. Demonstrate ways to maintain confidentiality in day to day communication. The principle of confidentiality is about trust and confidence that people might have in care workers.Care workers need to ensure that they do not discuss one person who you support with another person that you also support. The most common way in which confidentially is breached is by people talking about work issues with family and friends. It is done very easy and very tempting to discuss the days events especially if you have had a stress full and it is often therapeutic. Bu t by doing this if you dont keep peoples details confidential and anonymous this could break confidentiality. Every organisation will have policies on confidentiality and the disclosure of information. As a care assistant it is important that I know where the policies can be found and what information is in the policies.

Research Paper on Shakespeare

Drew Ewing Mrs. Stevenson slope II November 6th, 2012 Shakespeargon William Shakespeare is one of the most well respected and time recognise man of all time. His unique mode, mysterious life and amazingly written sonnets make him the most studied and analyzed work force to ever walk the planet. William Shakespeare, innate(p) in Stratford-upon-Avon, he was baptized on April 26th 1564, but his actual birth date is unknown. Shakespeare was the third child of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. William had two aged sisters, Judith and Joan, and lead younger br nigh others, Richard, Gilbert and Edmund.Not a lot is known of Shakespeares childhood, which is part of the reason e preciseone is so skeptical of his ability to have written everything he wrote. It is generally assumed that he went to the local grammar school, the Kings New School, for most of his childhood. Shakespeare did non attend a university. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, he had three children with her, a da ughter named Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. In 1585 he started a career as an actor, play writer, and a part owner of the Lord Chamberlains Men, also known as The Kings Men.By the early 1590s it is believed that Shakespeare had already written some plays and had a successful career as an actor. Sometime in 1589, Shakespeare wrote his first play, henry VI. Between his marriage and musical composition this play, he moved to London. Shakespeare was not an immediate and universal success but with the the plays Richard III, Henry VI, The Comedy of Errors, and Titus Andronicus written Shakespeare became a customary playwright by the 1950s. The year 1593, marked a huge point in his career as a playwright.By the end of that year, he scored a very important friend and fan in the Earl of Southampton and his Venus and Adonis was published. It is one of the first of Shakespeares works to be printed and it was a very big success. more people believe that Shakespeare started his work as a poet and that he wrote the majority of his known sonnets in the 1590s as well. In 1594, Shakespeare made a present theater and became one of the Lord Chamberlains Men, which was a group of actors who eventually became the KIngs men.He was very successful at with this group and became very famous finished his plays and acting in some of them. He remained associated with the organization until his death. Many people considered acting and playwrighting a very notable career it was seen as a work on of entertainment and not a profession that should be wanted. Even with so many people that did not find that Shakespeare career was one that should be disposed(p) a lot of bills he still ended up being very wealthy and acquired a lot of money, which he used to by a house in Stratford for his parents.This house was the second largest in the town and was considered to be the nicest. In 1596, Shakespeare applied for a coat of arms for his family, in erect making himself a gentleman. (Biography of William Shakespeare 1) The coat of arms was a way for people to kind of show their family off, it was only given to people that had a lot of money and were considered to be very successful. Shakespeare died at age 52 on the 23rd of April in 1616, at this time he was already a very famous playwright and he was well known in all of England.Shakespeare was buried at the Holy Trinity Church. His epitaph that was carved into the stone that was covering his grave has a curse on it against anyone that moves his bones, when the church was renovated in 2008 the workers were very careful not to disturb his remains in fear of pullting cursed. Shakespeares writing style is definitely unique and is widely accepted as easy to recognize. He used a very common rhythm for his day, the iambic pentameter. Shakespeare used a metrical pattern consisting of lines of unrhymed iambic pentameter, called blank verse.Shakespeares sonnets are written in iambic pentameter, Shakespeares style of writing and meter choice were typical of the day, and other writings of the time influenced how he structured his compositions. (Mabillard) One of the things Shakespeare was best at was being able to make his characters seam human, he was able to show that they arent just characters in a story, but that they were real people that could be sympathized with. Many scholars believe this is why even to this day, his works are considered to be some of the best orks of literature, and audiences are still captivated by his works. Shakespeare made his characters development directly intertwined with the plot, which made his characters seem even more real. Shakespeares characters were multifactorial and human in nature, he changed what could be accomplished with drama. (Frye 118) Shakespeares sonnets are considered to be some of the greatest and most eloquent poems in all of English literature. So by analyzing his genius in poetry and style, scholars and ordinary readers alike, try to under stand the genius in the poet.There is very little known of Shakespeares individualised life or feelings he had about himself. This being so a lot of scholars focus on his style and way of saying things to try and get a better understanding of Shakespeare the person. Many scholars have tried to get an insight into shakespeare by analyzing how and what he wrote. Many poets use poetry as a way to express their feelings and emotions, so readers of Shakespeare should be able to start to grasp a picture of who he was by reading his poetry and paying assist to the similarities and unique differences of his work to the norm of the day.Shakespeares style was a blend of contemporary and pure originality that makes him such a powerful poet. Sonnet 18 is one of Shakespeares most famous and critically acclaimed poems. By just reading it, the poem sounds like it is just a poem that praises the beauty of of a women. plainly if you take it a step farther and look deeper you can start to see just how impacting of a person that Shakespeare is writing about. The language in this sonnet is also extremely original, it is very different from the other sonnets.It is not loaded with alliteration or any other kind of poetic device, and the poem is not excessively wordy, it flows and gets its very powerful and majestic point across. As Shakespeare liked to do in his sonnets a lot every line ends with some fix of punctuation, which in turn makes it dramatic and very suspenseful. Shakespeare starts the poem with a question in the very first line asking to compare the woman he is writing about to a summers day. Basically he is posing the question if he should compare the beauty of the beloved to the beauty of a summers day.The second line of the poem says Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Shakespeare uses the word temperate to mean moderate or modest, like it is average in amount. He is emphasizing how much he loves her and how beautiful she is. When Shakespeare uses the words rough winds in line 3 i think that he is using that as a metaphor for the flaws in this women, but that there are not any flaws in her, but there are in summer, so he can not really compare her to a summers day, because in his eyes she is flawless.In lines four and five Shakespeare continues to point out the imperfections of summer, in that it ends, but her beuaty does not. In the sixth line he tells how sometimes the sun is not hot enough, or the opposite in line five, that it can sometimes be too hot, but again, that is not the case with his beloved. Shakespaere finally just says the summer can not ever be perfect in lines septette and eight. He starts to come back to the womens beauty in line nine, by using the words eternal summer, stasting that her beauty is everlasting and it allow for neer go away like summers does.In the next three lines, he portrays a picture of this women, and that even though she will call down old and may not be healthy she will never lose her beaut y. And in the final two lines of the sonnet Shakespeare says that her beauty will never go away, because everytiime someone reads this poem they will think about her. Shakespeare is the one of the most famous and well respected writers and poets of all time. From his mysterious life, to his unique writing style, his amazing and time lasting plays, and his sonnets, he is an international phenomenon for as long as his plays and sonnets can be read.Shakespeare is the best and one of the most interesting men that has ever lived. Works Cited Frye, Roland Mushat. Shakespeare The Art of the Dramatist. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1970. Print. Greenblatt, Steven. Shakespeares Leap. New York Times. New York Times, 12 Sept. 2004. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. . GradeSaver. *Biography of William Shakespeare List of Works, Study Guides & Essays*. GradeSaver, 30 November 2012 Web. 30 November 2012. Mabillard, Amanda. Shakespeares Writing Style. Shakespeare Online. 20 Aug. 2000. (6 November 2012) . Magill, Fra nk N. Masterplots II. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Salem, 1986. Print.

Mobile Ip

Checkpoint Current relegate of Mobile IP Lori J. Babler IT241 September 29, 2011 Richard Pierce Checkpoint Current State of Mobile IP After completing some internet research on Mobile IP, I discovered that it is currently being employ in situations where a Mobile Network is take aimd. A Mobile Network is a completely wireless network in which its devices are continuously moving and never really in one particular place. A completely Mobile Network requires that the devices within it have two simultaneous IP Addresses one of which is used for local networking off of the local router and another which is used when roaming into other networks.The obvious advantage to this technology is that mobile devices can have continuous connection with the internet or a mobile network without any interruption of service. The disadvantage that I felt was important is that the foreign IP address hosts must be configured as such (GANGULY, 2009). I feel that what is holding Mobile IP back is the f act that this technology is not seen by the user it isnt knowledge to the user. Only the network administrators or engineers are aware of the configuration required to implement this technology.I also feel that because the foreign IP Hosts require configuration to become Mobile IP that there is a lapse in its popularity. Another strong reason is that the technology is still being ameliorate (GANGULY, 2009) and once that occurs I feel it will boom. I do think that this technology will become a standard for mobile computing at long last but just as with all technology, society needs to catch up with it first. Reference GANGULY, K. (2009). The Study of Mobile IP Retrieved from www. cs. wichita. edu/chang/lecture/cs843/project/ /kg-mobile_ip. do

Empire On The Development Of British Essay

In 1715, Great Britain ended the War of the Spanish Succession as an emergent majestic power, with a refreshing base at Gibraltar and her naval victory at Malaga. Over the next century, she became as a true world power. Her emergence as an mental and scientific power helped stimu late the growth of her conglomerate, and in the empire in turn fostered the blossoming of the scientific and intellectual life in Britain. , Englands quest for colonies came late. In 1600, she had no permanent settlements outside of Europe.1 In the seventeenth century, however, this had changed dramatically, with the settlement of the colonies in North America, of sugar plantations in the Caribbean, and the beginnings of a mountainous scale slave trade between West Africa and the New World. 2 In these colonial enterprises, the English proved themselves more efficient in give the necessities than did their rivals, and were thus largely able to exclude other countries from trade with these colonies. 3 Fu rther, almost from the outset, the English were interested in preserving the territories they seized.Very early on they showed a remarkably sophisticated and highly practical understanding of potential environmental problems refer with settlement and cultivation. Well before other settlers, the British learned to nourish forests to prevent drastic erosion. Learning this, they fostered ways to work with the tropical environment rather than against it. 4 The colonies in the Caribbean, with their sugar and tropical produce, and Newfoundland, with its vast quantities of fish, were especially profitable. 5On the other hand, by the mid-sixteenth century, exploration of the Pacific had all but stopped. The sheer size of the ocean and the difficulties of navigating it intimidated mariners. The few voyages that were made into the Pacific were lots largely buccaneering ventures, which brought back wild accounts of these tales for the reading public in England. 6 While English diplomats try ing to keep peace sometimes paying lip service to Spains claim of the entire Pacific Ocean,7 the course of advancement would not be stayed.An important reason for the influence that the expansion of the empire had on the intellectual climate in England was the influence that the intellectual climate in England had on the expansion of the British empire. In terms of timing, the English came late to the business of exploration. When they turned their energies to exploration, they were already absorbed in the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution. The English translated the Bible into English and quickly followed this with the production of other major whole kit such as Homer into English. They also began producing their own works, including William Turners Herball of 1651.In a remarkable flowering of her intellectual prowess, the English produced many of the finest minds of the age, Isaac Newton, William Herschel, doubting Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, Adam Smith, Jose ph Priestley, and Robert Boyle to name only a few of these luminaries. A great deal of the English learning was driven by pragmatic considerations. seafaring required expertise in astronomy and cartography. As the colonists settled property, they needed competent surveyors, a need that Raleigh recognized, dispatching a mathematician to help map the new world.Knowledge of new rocks, plants, and animals was essential to determine what could be exploited. 8 Coming out of this intellectual ferment, British attitudes about colonies and exploration were very different from those of in the beginning explorers, notably the Spanish. The English did less to proselytize to the natives they found,9 but early on made science a part of their efforts. They did not find the gold that legion Pizarro Spain produced no match for James Cook or Joseph Banks. 10 The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge was a key to intellectual ferment and exploration.Chartered 1662, Royal Society wo n praise as the finest intellectual body in Europe. British exploration and settlement often involved scientific efforts. Discoveries, ranging from observations of native peoples to a growing interest in exotic plants and animals fed the intellectual climate, which in turn injected new energy into exploratory efforts. 11 By contrast, Spain had the Inquisition, proud that fewer works were published in Spain in the eighteenth century than had been published in the sixteenth. An oppressive censorship meant that in either field of intellect except orthodox theology, Spain lagged behind the rest of Europe.

Is Money the root of Evil

In our world today there is one item that controls us and bows us all, money the thing that makes us who we are or who we want to be. However, money is not necessarily the root of all evil. If money is manipulationd appropriately, money has the influence of benefiting those around us, yet at the same time it pile bring out the worst in many people. Money also controls society where it can cause substantial problems in politics, the government as well corrupt cities. Lastly, although money is indeed the root of everything, we cannot feel with money because of our economic society.Everything has its pros and cons and whatever it whitethorn be there is always an outcome. Money however, is not necessarily the root of all evil. Money can definitely help many people. Through my experiences, Ive intentional that money can make a huge impact for those around us. For instance, every year I stock a shoebox with toys and goods for the yearly event of function Christmas Child. Knowing th at a child from around the world is receiving my shoebox, I can understand that a little money can bring happiness for those who are in need.However, anyone can use money, even well off citizens it doesnt matter if you are poor, wealthy or rich. You can spend money on whatever you like whether its computer games, food, entertainment, or even gambling. The problem with money is that everyone would like an abundance of it, but not everyone has the opportunity to prolong it at their disposal. When too many people are foresighteding for the same thing and there is not enough to go around, people start creating their own ways on how to cash in ones chips their own share.Soon enough, crime becomes a factor and humans lose their morality and start stealing from one some other. When I was in grade 10, my parents bought me a brand new IPod nevertheless, it was stolen because someone wanted it as well. Money also can cause significant damage to once a stable policy-making society to beco me spiteful and greedy. The United States is the perfect example. President Bush has always had a strong desire to lead his country. However, the decisions that he made yet benefited what he believed was best and not what the country believed.In 2001, President Bush made the decision of declaring war in Afghanistan. The main purpose of the war was to mother Bin Laden as well as to destroy Al-Queda. Nevertheless, the mission became into trying to control Afghanistan itself. Over 20,000 troops were sent to insure control. In secernate to pay for the enormous project and mission, cuts were made and state entities had to be closed many workers lost their jobs. President Bush Mayor found that the war was much than important than the country itself.In turn, the country has to find its own ways to pay for its own necessities which only will result in depreciation. We also determine on a regular basis of other federal government cases that centre on embezzlement with government funds when all the while more important issues can be solved with the money being cheated by our leaders and superiors. Eventually, the focal point becomes on money and not the important issues such as the homeless and crime. People in general love money we love to own nice things and are excited when we are able to leveraging that item we once ideateed about having one day.There are some, though, that have problems using it in the proper way. Instead of saving money, I secure useless items that are not necessary. Last March break, I went snowboarding with my friends in Banff with my brand new fast snowboard rather than paying off the debt I owed to my parents. In reality, we gear up money at the top of everything it is the first and foremost on the minds of people. We dream constantly of what would make our lives better if we need the money desperately, if we need to contact our desires, or even to try and fulfill our dreams.A Homeless man on the street require money to buy food, a mother needs money to take care of her child, and a father needs money to pay his home mortgage payment. We would all like to have it all. I dream of living in the perfect world where I live in the perfect community, drive the fastest car and owning the newest entertainment systems. It all comes down to how we place the importance of our wants and needs. I always desire what my friends have, but by what means will I go to get it? Will I get another job? Or ultimately even choosing the negative outcome by stealing?Money is surely the root of everything, good and evil. Money controls the world that we live in. Its something that we need to survive with and its one of the most manipulative objects that can control us. Money is the root of everything, good and evil. In our society today, we cannot walk out the gate without seeing something that involves money. It is up to us on how we manipulate it and how we use it in our daily lives. Ive learned that with money comes discernment. What type of discernment will I use when I want to have something?The Parable of the lost son in the bible tells the story of a young man who wants his share of his fathers inheritance. Not long after that, the young son took off to a distant country and squandered his wealth in wild living. After he had spent everything, he had nothing, and continued by living by working on a farm and eating what the pigs ate. The lesson of the story is that we need to use money wisely and to have the right discernment. So ask yourself, how do you spend money? Do you use it wisely? Or spend it foolishly?

Can Religion Be Studied Academically Essay

The academic study of worship isnt a means of meet learning scriptures or passages from a sacred text like the Bible. It is a more(prenominal) complex carry through and place be considered multidisciplinary it privy include art, literature, linguistics, history, philosophy, psychology, sociology and much more.Religion female genitaliat be canvas without sleep withing what we are trying to study, and while some would argue it just doesnt exist, the similarity among the several(a) ghostlike belief sy al-Qaidas around the world are strong enough to justify a across-the-board field study encompassing the factors listed above, some of which fall into Livingst peerlesss seven ports of studying morality. However, to effectively study pietism in an academic way, it is alpha to include critical analysis, which means it is important non to be biased towards your own beliefs.By doing this you can wee more culturally assured of separate faiths and beliefs, and thus obtain a greater collar of devotions. Literary criticism plays an important share in the academic study of morality. Religion in the theological way is all about the teachings of a particular sacred text. The Bible for Christianity, the Quran for Islam and Sutras for Buddhism, for typeface, all contain the teachings and laws of the respective religions, which is essentially how heap can understand religion in the first place.Livingstone, in his theories on religion, says questions are the key to studying and understanding the meaning of sacred texts. Is it reliable who was the author when was it written and where how has the work been received, interpreted and passed on? These are the questions that rent to be respon catch outd before a true understanding of religion can be obtained, and who better to answer them than a literary critic, according to Livingstone. The relationship in the midst of religion and diction also relates to this idea of literary criticism.Language in reli gion doesnt often function like it does in everyday intent it is not found at the surface level of words or signs, according to Livingstone. Understanding language and how it is used in religion provides insight, but it also stretches to include the nature and function of language itself. Because of religions intent in human cultures, it is impossible to comprehend the flow of history without some prefatory grounding in a variety of religious beliefs.Livingstone says it would appear obvious that the historical study of religion has to do with establishing what role religious experience and ideas play in the lives of individuals and communities. You only have to look at the Bible and see the Old Testament is dated in years before Christ. Livingstone gives an example of the Protestant Reformation. The causes of the Protestant Reformation have been a topic of contention among historians, and the debate illustrates both the brilliance of history in gaining a fuller understanding of that event in western history, and the difficulties in proposing a single casual explanation in history.But the notion of history and religion can be put a little more simply religious traditions provide structure to the world and provides people with a sense of where they fit in, which in turn affects choices today, for example decisions about politics. The philosophical scrutiny of religion is one of the oldest and most instructive ways of examining religious experience and belief, according to Livingstone. In this century philosophys relation to religion is to analyse the uses of religious language and to test its logical status and meaning.It asks whether a religious expression is simply performing an action or evoking the emotions. Livingstone says philosophers believe much of the problems with religion stem from these confusing uses of language. Over the centuries and spanning different continents, the notion of philosophy has remained significant in several religious tradit ions, which emphasises the importance of it in an educational way In India, philosophy has remained associated with historical developments in Hinduism and the same goes for Buddhism in Asia.The way in which religion interacts within a social dimension is also a significant fraction to studying religion. Sociologist, Max Weber, demonstrated that certain forms of social life and behaviour could deeply reflect the religious belief and practice of federation. For example Weber analysed how the new Protestant ethic, which came with the Reformation of the 16th century, proved to be decisive in shaping the spirit of modern capitalist society. All religions have a invention of what it means to be a member of a religious society, how it should function, how it should be organised, and how the society relates to the outside world. therefrom it is important to have an understanding of the sociology behind religion, especially in the instance that culture and religion become hard to disti nguish between. It is understood that religions offer critiques of contemporary society based on concepts of an ideal society and must understand the connection between sacred and secular power and the political and religious institutions representing each. This is where a study of sociology and anthropology become important for religion. The relationship between religious and violent conflict is well known.It can be argued that religions are inclined to be absolutist, meaning they dont allow for the validity of other religions. This discourages the discussions and negotiations and compromises needed to resolve differences of opinion peacefully, which can then have an effect on society itself. Without compromises, it can sometimes erupt into violence so in terms of the importance of studying religion, it is ideal to know the interconnection between sociology and religion to understand why and how conflicts, for example, can sometimes occur.And then theres the psychology behind the importance of studying religion. One of the early workers in this particular field was William James. He explored the psychological dimensions of phenomena as conversion, mysticism and saintliness. Livingstone says the connection between psychology and religion is perhaps the most nigh associated with great figures in psychoanalysis. He also uses an example of Gordon Allports work, who studied the relationship between religion and prejudice.He says studies such as Allports show the value of psychological studies in revealing the potential drop effect of forms of religion on social relations and behaviours. Allport particularly discovered that there were different correlations between prejudice and types of being religious, what he referred to as extrinsic and intrinsic religions. This particular study into psychology and religion is significant because it can warn us against making too-simple correlation between prejudice and religion, according to Livingstone.In addition to Livin gstones ideas behind studying religion, there are other factors that intertwine, like art, for example. No one can view art without noticing the influence of religion. Every religion provides ideas, tales, cultural symbols, and concepts vital to creating art. It can be argued that without the cultural resources available today that have been created by religions, some art would be impossible to create or even understand. It isnt particularly essential for making art, but religions role culturally makes the connection stronger.In conclusion, it is difficult to seriously or substantively critique religion if its not understood. It is for this reason that an understanding language critique, sociology, history, psychology and philosophy, for example, is so important. Livingstone says the academic study of religion can suffice people to see religion as a whole. These scholarly views and disciplines can help people to see aspects of their own religions that they may be blind to, which in turn can help prosper more appreciation for various religious traditions.